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ABSTRACT In the past 30 years, the prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF) has markedly declined in developed countries, but it remains the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the lower-resource regions worldwide. In response to evolving epidemiological trends, the American Heart Association (AHA) introduced in 2015 a further revision of Jones criteria, tailored to […]

ABSTRACT Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic neurological condition, characterized by multifocal demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Although its etiopathogenesis is complex and not fully understood, it involves immune-mediated mechanisms that trigger widespread inflammation and damage to the myelin structures. ADEM primarily affects the pediatric population, with a slightly higher prevalence in […]

ABSTRACT Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in pediatrics, with a prevalence ranging between 1% and 7.5%. Managing CMPA, in the absence of breastfeeding, requires the use of alternative formulas free of cow’s milk proteins. This article describes the recommendations of the Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against […]

ABSTRACT The Third Sector is now a firmly established reality within our legal system and can serve as a catalyst for the development and enhancement of the healthcare sector, as well as a valuable resource for community-based medicine, which will shape the future trajectory of the healthcare system. Understanding its potential can enable healthcare professionals […]

ABSTRACT Gastroesophageal reflux disease represents a complex clinical challenge in the paediatric setting, often complicated by nonspecific symptomatology. This article explores the incidence, the clinical manifestation, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in paediatric patients, from early infancy to adolescence. Special attention is given to the critical role of […]

ABSTRACT Dysmenorrhea is a painful condition related to the menstrual cycle, common among adolescents and young women. The diagnosis is based on a clinical-instrumental evaluation, through which it is crucial to distinguish primary from secondary dysmenorrhea. The treatment varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the choice of the patient, including drugs, non-pharmacological […]

ABSTRACT This article explores the critical topic of respiratory emergencies and urgencies in the pediatric outpatient setting, underscoring their prevalence and potential lethality. Recognizing the pivotal role of swift and effective management in reducing morbidity and mortality, we provide an exhaustive overview of current best practices for addressing pediatric respiratory crises outside the hospital environment. […]

ABSTRACT Nutrition is a pivotal factor to provide young athletes with the correct support for their growth, development, and athletic performance needs. Individuals involved in intense sport activities (training and competition) during their physical growth show different physiologic and metabolic features from their nonathletic peers. The Italian National Guidelines on Nutritional Requirements (LARN) are an […]

ABSTRACT Vaccinations are crucial in preventing infectious diseases. However, mild adverse reactions, such as post-vaccination fever and pain, can affect the effectiveness of vaccination programs. The impact of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, on immune response and the incidence of adverse reactions in children has been evaluated. The results indicate that […]

ABSTRACT The perinatal period represents a delicate phase for both mother and baby, characterized by profound transformations. Although not all mothers experience mental health issues, there is a wide spectrum of mental disorders that can arise during this sensitive phase. Recognizing and managing these issues through multidisciplinary support ensures the well-being of the mother-baby dyad […]