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ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity and overweight in childhood are among the main public health problems. Overweight is just the tip of the iceberg of a much more complex issue, leading to complications not only on a physical level but also on a psycho-social level. Diet and physical activity are the […]

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) has an important role in developmental age as it significantly affects the global health and well-being of children and adolescents. PA should be understood as a spontaneous movement activity repeated over time, sports activity (SA) includes structured and regulated competitive situations. PA and FA are considered by the WHO to be […]

ABSTRACT The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare systems represents a transformative process with potential impact and challenges for both medical residency education and clinical practice. LLMs, such as ChatGPT, are poised to revolutionize the lives of medical residents and health systems over the next decade. AI can assist […]

ABSTRACT Pneumonia is an important and common cause of infection in pediatric patients. Most of these infections can be managed in an outpatient setting and don’t require specific diagnostic tests. Considering that viral infections are the most common cause of pneumonia, antibiotic therapies can be considered in light of the epidemiology and clinical presentation.   […]

ABSTRACT There is a significant category of medications frequently used in daily practice by healthcare professionals known as “off-label”, meaning they are employed outside the approved indications for which they were originally marketed. This article aims to review the existing regulations, delineate the boundaries, and facilitate, where possible, the actions of physicians to enhance patient […]

ABSTRACT Tonsils play a pivotal role in the safeguard of the respiratory system, as they represent the primary defence barrier against viruses and bacteria, particularly in children. Tonsillitis, which is the inflammatory state of tonsillar tissue, can result from various infectious agents, requiring tailored treatment approaches. The aetiology of tonsillitis, whether viral or bacterial, will […]

ABSTRACT The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an easy-to-perform and straightforward diagnostic test. Even in paediatric care, the ECG holds a significant role in emergency situations, serving as an effective diagnostic tool for the family paediatricians in their clinic. This article summarizes the key information that the paediatricians need to possess to access the severity of a […]

ABSTRACT The growing global interest in using insect flour as an alternative protein source reflects the urgent need for sustainable solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of traditional agriculture. While insects are already incorporated into numerous food and cosmetic products and boast a wide range of health benefits, the adoption of insect flour in Italy […]

ABSTRACT In the past 30 years, the prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF) has markedly declined in developed countries, but it remains the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the lower-resource regions worldwide. In response to evolving epidemiological trends, the American Heart Association (AHA) introduced in 2015 a further revision of Jones criteria, tailored to […]

ABSTRACT Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic neurological condition, characterized by multifocal demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Although its etiopathogenesis is complex and not fully understood, it involves immune-mediated mechanisms that trigger widespread inflammation and damage to the myelin structures. ADEM primarily affects the pediatric population, with a slightly higher prevalence in […]